USMLE Internal Medicine Review 11 06 Graves’ Disease

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Let’s start our USMLE Review with Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism from the Gold Standard USMLE Foundations of Medicine Audio Review program.

Play USMLE Audio MP3 11 06 Graves’ Disease Below

Begin 11 06 Graves’ Disease Transcription

The syndrome of Graves’ disease consists of one or more of four features. The first being thyrotoxicosis.

The second feature is a cyst-like or fiber-like thyroid abnormality characterized by a swelling which may be linked to thyroid dysfunction.

What is this condition?

• Goiter.

The third feature of Graves’ disease can be caused by an overactive thyroid gland and is characterized by bulging of the eyeballs.

What is this?

• Ophthalmopathy or exophthalmos.

And fourth, which variety of myxedema, sometimes called dermopathy?

• Pretibial myxedema.

Student doctor please pause the tape and repeat four features one or more of which together qualify as the syndrome of Graves’ disease. Please give them in the order presented.

• Graves’ disease syndrome consists of one or more of thyrotoxicosis, goiter, ophthalmopathy and pretibial myxedema.

Is the etiology of Graves’ disease clearly definable?

• No, Graves’ disease is viewed as an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology.

About what percentage of Graves’ disease sufferers have a close relative with the same disorder?

• About 15% and about 50% of relatives of Graves’ disease.

Patients have what circulatory trait in common?

• Circulating thyroid auto-antibodies.

Females suffer from Graves’ disease more often than males.

About how many times more often?

• Female are about 5 times more likely to contract Grave’s disease than are males.

The disease can occur at any age, but what is the most common age range for incidents of Graves’ disease?

• The 20-40 age range.

Student doctor please pause the tape and summarize the etiology of Graves’ disease including familial predisposition and demographic incidence rates.

• Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease of unclear etiology. 15% of patients have a close relative also with Graves’ disease. And 50% of Graves’ disease relatives have circulating auto-antibodies. Graves’ disease occurs five times more often in females than males and the highest incidence is in the 20-40 age range.

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