On these “Gold Standard Internal Medicine Facts” pages you will find Free:

• USMLE Audio Review files from our “Gold Standard USMLE Reviews”
• Transcriptions of those files
• And videos (as they become available)

The idea is that you can review for the USMLE online by:

• Listening to the Audio
• Following along with the transcription
• Or by watching the video (if available)

If you like what you here, you can purchase the entire Gold Standard Foundations of Medicine MP3 Audio USMLE review for your iPhone, iPod, or computer here.

Let’s start our USMLE Review with Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism from the Gold Standard USMLE Foundations of Medicine Audio Review program.

 

Play USMLE Audio MP3 11 08 Catecholamine Excess Below

 

Begin 11 08 Catecholamine Excess Transcription

Several symptoms of thyrotoxicosis suggest a state of catecholamine excess. What are the three primary catecholamines made by the body?

• Primary catecholamines include dopamine, epinephrine, and Norepinephrine.

Pause the tape and try to name five symptoms of thyrotoxicosis which suggest catecholamine excess.

• Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis which suggest catecholamine excess include lid lag, stare, sweating, tachycardia, and tremor. Circulating levels of epinephrine in Graves’ disease are actually normal so the body seems to be hyperreactive to normal catecholamine levels.

What might cause this reaction?

• Hyperreactivity to catecholamines in Graves’ disease may be due to a thyroid hormone mediated increase in cardiac catecholamine receptors.

Student doctor please pause the tape and summarize the role of catecholamine excess in thyrotoxicosis. Please include the three primary catecholamines made by the body and five symptoms of thyrotoxicosis which suggest catecholamine excess.

• Several symptoms of thyrotoxicosis suggest a state of catecholamine excess. The primary catecholamines made by the body are dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis which suggest catecholamine excess includes lid lag, stare, sweating, tachycardia, and tremor. Circulating levels of epinephrine in Graves’ disease are actually normal so the body seems to be hyperreactive to normal catecholamine levels. This might be caused by a thyroid hormone mediated increase in cardiac catecholamine receptors.

****END OF TRANSCRIPTION****

 

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• Download the complete 48 Hour Gold Standard USMLE Foundations Audio Review Here
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