On these “Gold Standard Step 1 Facts” pages you will find Free:

• USMLE Audio Review files from our “Gold Standard USMLE Reviews”
• Transcriptions of those files
• And videos (as they become available)

The idea is that you can review for the USMLE online by:

• Listening to the Audio
• Following along with the transcription
• Or by watching the video (if available)

If you like what you here, you can purchase the entire Gold Standard Step 1 MP3 audio USMLE review for your iPhone, iPod, or computer here.

Let’s start our USMLE Review with Anatomy from the Gold Standard USMLE Step 1 Audio Review program.

Play USMLE Audio MP3  61 17 Mechanoreceptors Below

Begin 61 17 Mechanoreceptors Transcription

In addition to the chemo receptors, there are also several kinds of mechanoreceptors that cause a pulmonary response when stimulated.

Where are the pulmonary irritant receptors located?

• The pulmonary irritant receptors are located in the large airways of the body.

List three things that will stimulate the irritant receptors. I’ll cue you with the first letter or letters of each.

First, D

• dust

Second, NG

• noxious gases

Third, S

• smoke

Alphabetically, list five respiratory reflexes initiated by stimulation of irritant receptors. I’ll cue you with the first letter of each.

First, A

• apnea or breath holding

Second, B

• bronchoconstriction

Third, C

• coughing

Fourth, MS

• mucous secretion

Fifth, S

• sneezing

What are the stretch responses in the small airways stimulated by?

• An increase in lung volume.

What reflex is initiated by stimulation of stretch receptors in the small airways? The two word answer starts with HB

• The hering breuer reflex is initiated when the stretch receptors in the small airways are stimulated.

Is this reflex more prominent in adults or in newborns?

• In newborns

What are the receptors called that are stimulated by distension of the pulmonary vessels?

• J receptors are stimulated by distension of the pulmonary vessels

Student doctor, please pause the tape and summarize what we’ve discussed about mechanoreceptors.

• In addition to the chemo receptors, there are also several kinds of mechanoreceptors that cause a pulmonary response when stimulated. The pulmonary irritant receptors are located in the large airways of the body. Three things that will stimulate irritant receptors are dust, noxious gases, and smoke. Five respiratory reflexes initiated by stimulation of irritant receptors are apnea, bronchoconstriction, coughing, mucus secretion, and sneezing. The stretch receptors in the small airways are stimulated by an increase in lung volume. The hering breuer reflex is initiated by stimulation of stretch receptors in the small airways. This reflex is more prominent in newborns. J receptors are stimulated by the distension of pulmonary vessels.

 

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