On these “Gold Standard Step 1 Facts” pages you will find Free:

• USMLE Audio Review files from our “Gold Standard USMLE Reviews”
• Transcriptions of those files
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• Listening to the Audio
• Following along with the transcription
• Or by watching the video (if available)

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Let’s start our USMLE Review with Anatomy from the Gold Standard USMLE Step 1 Audio Review program.

Play USMLE Audio MP3 61 20 Restrictive Lung Disorders Below

Begin 61 20 Restrictive Lung Disorders Transcription

In restrictive diseases what happens to lung volume and capacity?

• In the presence of restrictive lung diseases, lung volume is lowered and we  have decreased measures of capacity

There are both pulmonary and extra pulmonary causes of restrictive diseases.

What is the key concept for pulmonary causes?

• Poor lung compliance

What are the two forms of poor lung compliance?

• Alveolar filling is deficient and interstitial fibrosis         

What can cause deficient filling of alveoli? It starts with a P

• Pneumonia can cause alveolar filling deficiency.

Which quality of the lung is being raised too high in interstitial fibrosis? It starts with an E

• Elasticity     

What happens to the forced expiratory volume 1 over forced vital capacity ratio?

• It increases and may be more than 90%    

What is the key concept for extra pulmonary restrictive lung diseases?

• Weakened breathing mechanics

What are the two categories of weakened breathing mechanics?

• Impaired structure and muscular weakness

What is a cause of impaired structure? It starts with an S

• Scoliosis can causes impaired structure

And what are the two causes of muscular weakness? The answers start with P and Mg

• Two causes of muscular weakness are polio and myasthenia gravus

Student doctor please pause the tape and summarize what we have discussed about the effect of restrictive lung disease on lung volume and causes of restrictive lung diseases.

•  In the presence of restrictive lung diseases, lung volume is lowered. And we have decreased measures of capacity. There are both pulmonary and extra pulmonary causes of restrictive diseases. Poor lung compliance is the key concept for pulmonary causes of restrictive diseases. The two forms of poor lung compliance are deficient alveolar filling and interstitial fibrosis. Pneumonia can cause alveolar filling deficiency. With interstitial fibrosis, the elasticity of the lung is being raised too high. The forced expiratory volume 1 over the forced vital capacity ratio increases and maybe more than 90%. The key concept for extra pulmonary restrictive lung diseases is weakened breathing mechanics which can take the form of impaired structure or muscular weakness. Scoliosis can cause impaired structure. Two causes of muscular weakness are polio and myasthenia gravus.

 

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