On these “Gold Standard Step 1 Facts” pages you will find Free:

• USMLE Audio Review files from our “Gold Standard USMLE Reviews”
• Transcriptions of those files
• And videos (as they become available)

The idea is that you can review for the USMLE online by:

• Listening to the Audio
• Following along with the transcription
• Or by watching the video (if available)

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Let’s start our USMLE Review with Anatomy from the Gold Standard USMLE Step 1 Audio Review program.

Play USMLE Audio MP3 61 23 Abnormal Breathing Patterns Below

Begin 61 23 Abnormal Breathing Patterns Transcription

Next, let’s talk about abnormal breathing patterns.

 What abnormal breathing pattern does this describe? Periods of accelerated breathing with shallower breaths until breathing temporarily stops. Then the cycle is repeated. The two word answer starts with CS.

• Cheyne stokes breathing or respiration

 What are two possible causes of cheyne stokes breathing?

• High altitude and drug overdose

What is the name of the abnormal breathing pattern characterized by rapid, deep breathing? The answer starts with a K

• Kussmaul  breathing or respiration is characterized by rapid deep breathing

What causes kussmaul breathing? The two word answer starts with MA

• Metabolic acidosis

What metabolic disorder would cause this? It starts with a D

• Diabetes

What abnormal respiration does this describe? The patient’s voluntary control of respiration is normal but impaired involuntarily respiratory control makes it necessary for the patient to be on a mechanical respirator while sleeping. The two word answer starts with OC.

• Ondine’s curse

 Finally, for what abnormal breathing pattern is this a description? Tidal volume breathing separated by periods of apnea. It starts with a B           

• Biot’s breathing
  

Student doctor, please pause the tape and summarize what has been discussed about abnormal breathing patterns.

• Cheyne stokes breathing is described as periods of accelerated breathing with shallower breaths until breathing temporarily stops. Then the cycle is repeated. Two possible causes of Cheyne stokes breathing are high altitude and drug overdose. Kussmaul breathing or respiration is characterized by rapid deep breathing. It is caused by metabolic acidosis, which can be caused by diabetes. In the presence of Ondine’s curse, the patient’s voluntary control of respiration is normal but impaired involuntary control makes it necessary for the patient to be on mechanical respirator while sleeping. Finally, Biot’s breathing is tidal volume breathing separated by periods of apnea

 

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