On these “Gold Standard Step 1 Facts” pages you will find Free:

• USMLE Audio Review files from our “Gold Standard USMLE Reviews”
• Transcriptions of those files
• And videos (as they become available)

The idea is that you can review for the USMLE online by:

• Listening to the Audio
• Following along with the transcription
• Or by watching the video (if available)

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Let’s start our USMLE Review with Anatomy from the Gold Standard USMLE Step 1 Audio Review program.

Play USMLE Audio MP3 25 04 Ventricular System, Meninges, CSF Below

Begin 25 04 Ventricular System, Meninges, CSF Transcription

Now we move on to part two: the ventricular system, meninges, and the cerebrospinal fluid. Please refer first to the ventricular system, which is figure 2.1.

How many ventricles are contained in the brain?

• The brain contains four ventricles.

What is the general term that describes the anatomical structure that interconnects the four ventricles?

• These are the various foramina.

What paired structures are the largest ventricles?

• These are the lateral ventricles.

And, in general terms, where are the lateral ventricles located?

• The lateral ventricles are located medially within the cerebral hemispheres.

Student doctor, what structures separates the two lateral ventricles from each other?

• The lateral ventricles are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum.

And each lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricles by which foramen?

• The interventricular foramen of Monro is the foramen that connects each lateral ventricle to the third ventricles.

And in general terms, where is the third ventricle located?

• The third ventricle is located medially within the thalamus.

Student doctor, name the foramen via which the third ventricle communicate with the fourth ventricle. This is the aqueduct of Sylvius.

In terms of the surrounding anatomical structures, where is the fourth ventricle located?

• The fourth ventricle is location between the posterior surface of the pons and the upper medulla and the anterior surface of the cerebellum.

What space does the fourth ventricle communicate with? The fourth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space via how many foramina?

• Via three foramina.

How are these three foramina oriented?

• Two are lateral and the other medial.

Student doctor, please list the three foramina that communicate the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space including their orientation. The two lateral are the foramina of Luschka and the medial is the foramen of Magendie.

Now, while the fourth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space via the three foramina, the two lateral foramina of Luschka and the medial foramen of Magendie, what structure is the fourth ventricle continuous with?

• The fourth ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the lower medulla and the spinal cord.
  
• The central canal of course extends down through the center of the spinal cord.

 

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